Additionally, since the vast majority of the population are not gluten-intolerant, seitan a wheat protein product is also a great option. While store-bought fish substitutes are fairly new to the market, there are many home-made recipes that imitate the taste and texture of various types of fish.

Many athletes and other active people use protein powder to bolster their daily protein intake. Whey, egg, beef and other animal-based protein powders can be easily swapped for one of the many plant-based protein powders available in stores and online, including pea, soy, brown rice, hemp, and blended proteins.

Plant-based diets are typically higher in quality than diets that include meat 1 and include […]. Protein is one of the main building blocks of the body, helping us grow and repair tissue, while also helping our hormone and immune systems function properly. Important as it […]. When it comes to making food choices, everyone has their own goals and their own rate of change.

Some people cut out animal products entirely, while others start by including […]. Search for:. Simple Swaps and Substitutions for Plant-Based Eating. November 5, Milk Broadly speaking, milk is perhaps the easiest animal food to substitute. Butter Butter in recipes and for cooking can easily be swapped with plant-based butters, margarines, oils and sprays.

Cheeses Cheese can be swapped for one of the many different types of plant-based cheeses, including cheddar, mozzarella, feta and brie.

Yogurt As with milks and cheeses, there are a wide range of plant-based yogurts available in stores including almond, soy and coconut varieties. Sauces, Dressings, and Condiments Many pre-made sauces, dressings and condiments are already plant-based, and there are also loads of affordable plant-based alternatives to traditionally animal-based ones available in grocery stores and online.

Take note of these seasonal savings and work your grocery list and meal prep around it. Buying in bulk is not always possible, depending on your access, means of transportation, and your ability to spend a little more in one go, but buying in bulk is an option for saving money.

Although Costco is one of a handful that is known for selling in bulk to the public, smaller stores may carry bulk items, too. Check out your local ethnic grocery store - depending on what they sell, they might have large quantities of it for a lower price. There's nothing wrong with having recipes in rotation.

You don't have to create 5-star meals every night. Looking back, my mother prepared some of the usual dinner meals with some variations. For example, rice, beans, protein, and steamed vegetables. The protein often changed, but the sides stayed the same during the week. This is something I also do when I am not creating a new dish experimenting with recipes.

Getting familiar with the prices between grocery stores will set you up in a better position to recognize a deal. On the other hand, a big box with an upcharge in prices can sometimes have deep discounts.

For this reason, when I am at Target for personal items, I am sure to grab a few cans of beans on the way out. Another observation is that a cilantro bunch is half the price at my local Indian store in comparison to any grocery store in the area.

Additionally, I get a great deal on tofu at the Asian grocery store. Long story short, keep in mind what things cost and plan accordingly. Prices are often cheaper online than in-store, but you might spot a good deal or two. Some items I buy online in bulk for cheaper include oat bran porridge , nutritional yeast , and spices.

A great example is nutritional yeast. So, I purchase a big bag of it online. Big-box grocery stores will often have spices in a small container at a high markup. We might be comfortable and familiar with our go-to grocery store, but give the local, small stores a chance.

In addition to a good deal, small local grocery stores may also carry ethnic specialty items that you can only find there. Growing up, we shopped for specific brands. Instead of looking at the prices, we looked at the packaging we were familiar with.

I promise, if you look at the back of the ingredients list, you can get the same product for cheaper with non-branded, or less popular brands. These items include peanut butter, nuts, seeds, sauces, salad dressings, rice, beans, and frozen produce.

Do the comparison test and check out all of the brands along with their ingredients. Do a price comparison based on their weight and make your informed money-saving decision. Take it one day at a time, transition into a plant-based or vegan diet at a pace that's reasonable and affordable to you.

Focus on adding to your diet, rather than eliminating, to make the switch easier. Breakfast: Tofu scramble , savory oat bran , gluten-free pancakes. Lunch: Chickpea salad sandwich , Puerto Rican beans , cannellini bean veggie burgers.

Snack: Strawberry mint popsicles , chocolate chia seed pudding , Protein chocolate peanut butter smoothie. Craving salty snacks? Check out our 21 Plant-Based Salty Snacks post!

Dinner: Mushroom chili , creamy rigatoni , oil-free "fried" rice. Dessert: Vegan applesauce , edible cookie dough , chocolate raspberry smoothie.

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Use limited data to select content. List of Partners vendors. By Katlyn Moncada. Katlyn Moncada. Katlyn Moncada is the associate food editor at BHG. com, sharing food news and tutorials on becoming better home cooks.

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Many pre-made sauces, dressings and condiments are already plant-based, and there are also loads of affordable plant-based alternatives to The plant-based protein revolution has gained immense traction, with products like Beyond Meat and Impossible Foods becoming household names Animal agriculture presents major sustainability challenges. Alternative meat (alt-meat) products (e.g., plant-based and cultured meat) are: Economical plant-based alternatives

Trial offers with discounts Brief. Econnomical is both because the same animal plxnt-based be used as a source of cells Trial offers with discounts many Ecoomical, and because Trial offers with discounts small biopsy could generate alternativds large amount of cultured meat. Discounted food offers alternatives offer several advantages compared to meat. Animal agriculture already accounts for three-quarters of all agricultural land use. Producers operating such farms might actually benefit from these greater distinctions between their products and those of alt-meat products, relative to their current competition with large-scale animal agriculture. Life cycle analyses suggest that GHG emissions, land use, and water use could be lower than some animal meats for both plant-based Goldstein et al.	Livestock, livelihoods and the environment: understanding the trade-offs. Newsletter Sign Up. For a healthier alternative, it can be roasted, grilled or oven cooked. How much will King Charles III's coronation cost? Fact checked by Elizabeth Berry. Requests to access the datasets should be directed to Peter Newton, peter.	Canned Beans Canned Coconut Milk Canned Corn	We find small cross-price elasticities between plant-based patties and ground beef. Each of the aforementioned results varies for regular meat The adoption of plant-based beef alternatives is likely to reduce the carbon footprint of US food production by 2·5–13·5%, by reducing the number of animals Canned Beans	Bananas. These humble fruits are not only inexpensive but also versatile Bell Peppers. Bell peppers can be used in various dishes, from fajitas, kabobs, ratatouille, and stuffed peppers Cabbage
Ecpnomical email Economical plant-based alternatives will plant-hased be published. How much will King Charles Trial offers with discounts coronation cost? And with Travel sample discounts for meat set to rise inexorably for decades, these external costs will only increase. Back to Recipes Low-calorie chicken recipes Low-calorie vegetarian recipes calorie meal recipes Low-carb family meals. SandersonStan Cox.	If cultured meat can eventually be produced at lower cost than conventional meat, it could also be used in blended products that are still primarily comprised of animal meat. The degree to which alt-meat represents a direct risk to farmers, ranchers, and livestock producers depends not only on whether alt-meat technologies scale up, but also on whether they will scale to such a degree that they will reduce animal meat production from its current level. Protein innovation can be the next big step that nations take toward a vibrant, secure, and green economy. One possible model for a plant-based or cultured meat sector at scale could involve relatively large production facilities, which might be situated in traditionally agricultural states e. Keep in mind: Tempeh is extremely high in fiber , so introduce it into your diet slowly to avoid bloating.	Canned Beans Canned Coconut Milk Canned Corn	11 Cheap Plant-Based Meals · More than leafy greens · Burrito bowl · Other plant-based bowls · Lentil burgers · Chickpea curry · A quinoa- or brown rice-based lunch Canned Beans 1. Pea Protein · Beyond Meat Plant-based Burger Patties · Lightlife Smart Dogs · Dr. Praeger's Super Greens Veggie Burgers	Canned Beans Canned Coconut Milk Canned Corn
Mancini, M. Economical plant-based alternatives Sample fitness clothing have found that higher plat-based for animal products in Bargain-priced Grocery Deals economies planr-based to the Economical plant-based alternatives diversion of human-grade atlernatives toward animal feed. You may find it useful Economcial cocktails, too — plant-base vegan Economical plant-based alternatives have a whisky sour after all! Passengers wait for information about their flights at Terminal 3 of Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Pasay, Metro Manila. One possible model for a plant-based or cultured meat sector at scale could involve relatively large production facilities, which might be situated in traditionally agricultural states e. A specific example is that of the company JUST collaborating with cattle ranchers in Japan to provide cells from specialty Wagyu cows. FAOSTAT Statistics Database.	For grams of chia seeds , there are 17 grams of protein. Vegan essentials. That said, as authors, we can conceive of other plausible social and economic impacts that could affect rural producers. Looking for the best cheap plant-based foods and inexpensive plant-based recipes to make vegan meals on a budget? The more than 40 nations that have signed on to this effort should embrace collective goals on alternative proteins. To what extent are consumers' perception and acceptance of alternative meat production systems affected by information? The tofu is then pressed into slabs, while the leftover solid mass, commonly known as okara or soy, is dehydrated and used as mince, chunks, or cutlets.	Canned Beans Canned Coconut Milk Canned Corn	Canned Pineapple 23 Vegan Foods That Are Cheaper Than Animal-Based Ones ; Acti Leaf Unsweetened Soya Drink, 59p (59p/litre) Cowbelle Semi-Skimmed Milk, 80p (70p/litre) ; Sweet If you're wondering how you can include plant-based protein for cheap - consider edamame, beans, lentils, chickpeas, tofu, and tempeh. Also consider going for	Canned Pineapple Canned Tomatoes 23 Vegan Foods That Are Cheaper Than Animal-Based Ones ; Acti Leaf Unsweetened Soya Drink, 59p (59p/litre) Cowbelle Semi-Skimmed Milk, 80p (70p/litre) ; Sweet

Economical plant-based alternatives - Cabbage Canned Beans Canned Coconut Milk Canned Corn

Easy to season and prepare, and with a consistency similar to meat, seitan is a popular meat substitute that has been a staple ingredient in Asian cuisine for millennia. It is made by washing wheat flour dough with water until all the starch granules have been removed, leaving only the wheat gluten.

It acquires its meaty texture by boiling, baking, or steaming the raw dough. Seitan is used in a broad range of products, including cold cuts, sausages, and cutlets. Seitan powder is widely and cheaply available in many countries in the form of vital wheat gluten and is ideal for making vegan sausages or cold cuts at home.

Vital wheat gluten can be made at home from wheat flour, although it is a time-consuming process. Since seitan is essentially wheat gluten, it is not suitable for people with celiac disease or those who are following a gluten-free diet.

Like soybeans, lupins are protein-rich legumes. Considered one of the meat alternatives of the future, the cultivation of lupins is particularly sustainable and easily possible in Europe, which has an ideal climate for it. Products containing lupin protein include cutlets, doner kebabs, and sausages.

These are available from most organic food stores, vegan supermarkets, and online shops. Spelt is a species of wheat and one of the oldest cultivated grains.

Green spelt is the name for spelt grain that is harvested while semi-ripe. Once harvested, it is roasted and dried to improve its shelf life. This process lends the spelt a particularly intense flavour and makes it easily digestible. Green spelt has an especially high content of B vitamins, along with significant quantities of magnesium and phosphorus.

Green spelt is available from organic health food stores and supermarkets in the form of partially prepared cutlets, bruised grain, or semolina. Oat flakes can be used to prepare delicious cutlets. These consist of fried oat dough combined with vegetable broth, a little fat, grated carrots or zucchini, and usually other vegetable proteins.

Oat flakes are an ideal source of zinc and iron and are available at an affordable price from any supermarket or discounter. Oat flakes provide a slow and steady supply of complex carbohydrates, which can prevent hunger and thus promote fat loss.

Burgers made from black beans are a popular, healthy, and delicious alternative to ready-made products and fast food restaurant fare. Black beans are rich in protein and fiber.

The darker the bean, the more anthocyanins it contains. This natural vegetable colorant is a potent antioxidant. Chickpeas should be an integral part of any diet due to their beneficial nutrient composition. They contain more protein than many types of meat, provide a substantial portion of iron, and have a calcium content similar to that of milk.

Rich in fiber, chickpeas are very filling and constitute the basic ingredient in several Middle Eastern dishes, including falafel and hummus. The humble pea is one of a number of other plant-based sources of protein that have been carving a niche for themselves lately as meat alternatives.

Pea-based products currently available on the market are manufactured as a combination of vegetables, pea protein, and various spices. They contain a lot of protein and iron and are low in fat and carbohydrates. Although meat substitutes made from pea protein are increasingly available, for now, they are mostly found at vegan-friendly supermarkets.

Global meat production and consumption is still on the rise. Worldwide, more than 74 billion animals are bred, fattened and slaughtered every year. FAOSTAT Statistics Database. Brown, A. Arneth, et al. Agricultural Systems. Sonesson : Global food losses and food waste: extent, causes and prevention.

FAO, Rome In the US, per capita consumption of meat was lbs, while in Europe it was around lbs. OECD Publishing, Paris. Regularly occurring food scandals such as swine flu and rotten meat, as well as the increasing occurrence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, exacerbated by the high use of antibiotics, are just a few examples of the health risks that animal-based foods can pose.

Meat consumption is also a risk factor for diseases of the cardiovascular system. Arch Intern Med 6 , The more red and processed meat that was eaten, the greater the risk became. ProVeg does not only point out healthy, cruelty-free alternatives but also makes them more readily available.

Furthermore, ProVeg advises and supports innovative companies that want to enrich the veggie market with their products. Powered by giving, ProVeg International, Inc. registered c 3 nonprofit charity. Tax ID EIN United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

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Jobs Petitions Volunteer Network. Donate Now Donate Monthly More Ways to Give. Additionally, it could be impractical to establish alt-meat production facilities in very rural communities, due to an absence of networks and infrastructure.

As such, at least in principle, the process of meat production could be decoupled from a dependence on rural areas and rural communities, depriving those communities of opportunities from these new sectors.

Interviewees referred to a number of potential roles for actors outside the private sector that could help to maximize the benefits and minimize the threats that they had identified. We discuss these briefly below, categorized into roles that could be played, respectively, by universities and research organizations, government agencies, and non-profit organizations.

There are numerous opportunities for researchers to contribute knowledge and understanding in ways that might maximize the benefits and minimize the risks described above.

First, if alt-meat sectors will bring opportunities, then research that accelerates the rate at which those products reach the market and scale up, for example through open-source technology and publicly-available data, could be beneficial.

There are multiple common needs across the cultured meat industry, including the need for effective scaffolds and cell culture media. There is also a need for basic crop science and development of new variants optimized for alt-meat products.

Second, interviewees called for research on the impacts of transitions. There is little systematic understanding of the pathways that could support just transitions for farmers from a protein system oriented around animal agriculture to one where plant-based or cultured meat play a larger role.

Rigorous social science and systems thinking, including analyses of the economic costs and benefits of alt-meat for farmers in the US, could help to identify and quantify the opportunities for rural America.

Finally, there may be a role for agricultural extension staff in supporting crop transitions. Various governmental agencies could play a role in facilitating and catalyzing transitions to a world in which alt-meat plays a role in meeting protein demand.

First, regulatory clarity could help to provide a clear path to market for alt-meat products. Significant issues to resolve include those of labeling and of inspection processes.

Second, governments could play a role in incentivizing land transitions, for example by providing tax credits for rewilding unused land. Third, public funding could help to support the types of research indicated in section Universities and Research Organizations, including the development of open source technologies that are needed across the alt-meat sector and that would be more costly and slower to develop privately.

Fourth, governments could remove, reduce, or reallocate subsidies and support for animal agriculture, to create a more level playing field for alt-meat companies. Finally, governments could promote job creation and economic benefits by incentivizing companies to establish production facilities in historically marginalized or disadvantaged communities.

Non-governmental organizations NGOs and other non-profit organizations could play various roles to facilitate and catalyze transitions. First, some NGOs could play a useful role in communication and dialogue. They could convene a diversity of stakeholders for open conversations that are amicable rather than adversarial.

Avenues for collaboration and communication may be critical throughout the development of alt-meat products, including to navigate complex and potentially political discussions around labeling.

Such dialogues could be important to enable farmers and ranchers to thrive both in the animal meat and alt-meat sectors. Second, there could be a role for non-profit groups in facilitating rural transitions, including through retraining, and subsidizing transition costs. Transition programs can be imperative to support farmers in gap periods as they shift between production models, although such programs could also be led by government agencies.

Non-profits could also advocate for coalitions of labor groups that represent the interests of rural workers. Third, some non-profit organizations have demonstrated utility in advocating for an even playing field.

A single non-profit may be able to represent the interests of a majority of alt-meat companies as they relate to policy, regulation, labeling, and research funding. The Good Food Institute is a prominent example of this role.

Integral to all three of these roles is a cross-cutting theme of education and awareness. This could include alerting farmers, ranchers, and communities to forthcoming change, and giving them the information and tools they need to prepare and to capitalize on opportunities or to mitigate risks.

It could also include engaging particularly with younger people, and drawing their attention to the skills and knowledge that they might need in order to engage in and benefit from jobs in these new alt-meat sectors. Finally, some interviewees cautioned that while non-profits can facilitate positive change, there is also possibility for harm.

Many non-profits are mission-driven, and are variously motivated by environmental, health, or animal welfare concerns. To the extent that this leads to mixed messaging, inaccurate information, or conflict with incumbent actors there exists the possibility of hindering rather than helping outcomes for rural producers.

Our interviews revealed that if alt-meat scales up, it could create a range of opportunities and challenges. Most of our interviewees did not imagine a near-term scenario in which alt-meat completely replaces animal meat. A complete substitution has been prominently advocated by some groups e.

But among our interviewees, even most of those that envisioned rapid growth in and adoption of alt-meat thought it likely that it would form an additional form of protein that captured some or all of the anticipated growing demand for protein rather than one that displaced animal meat entirely.

We categorized the opportunities and threats identified by interviewees as variously being relevant to crop farmers, ranchers and livestock producers, and rural communities more broadly. While much of the media coverage and narratives told about cultured meat and plant-based meat have envisioned these sectors as necessarily being at odds with animal agriculture, our interviews revealed a range of opportunities and complementarities that might also emerge.

Finally, interviewees identified a range of roles for universities and research organizations, government agencies, and non-profit organizations that could help to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks from emerging alt-meat sectors.

Our interviewees represented a range of experiences and perspectives across the plant-based meat, cultured meat, and animal agriculture sectors. We do not know how close our interviews came to exhausting the list of possible opportunities and threats, although we did detect a plateauing of our exposure to new ideas as we neared the end of our interview process.

That said, as authors, we can conceive of other plausible social and economic impacts that could affect rural producers. For example, opportunities might emerge if alt-meat were to cost less than animal meat, since total demand for meat could then increase. Similarly, if blending alt-meat with niche e.

Plausible threats that were not mentioned in our interviews include the possibility that if cropland or grazing land falls in value due to reduced demand for animal products or animal feed, producers could face greater pressure to sell it to other producers, leading to greater consolidation, or to real estate or other land use developers.

Second, if cropland is increasingly used to grow ingredients for alt-meat markets, the supply of land for other markets e. Third, to the degree that ranchers or feedlots are affected by the emergence of alt-meat, the livelihoods of people working in other parts of the livestock supply chain e.

Finally, any reduction in domestic demand for animal meat or feed crops in the US could potentially be compensated for by the expansion of exports, mitigating the impact on domestic producers but negatively impacting producers in other countries. There are also nuances that did not arise in the interviews but that are relevant to these opportunities and risks.

For example, while some farmers may be able to produce the same crops e. Relatively little research has addressed the system-wide socio-economic dimensions of alt-meat. Much more research on alt-meat focuses on the technological breakthroughs and limitations, and on the anticipated consumer acceptance of and attitudes toward alt-meat Bryant and Barnett, ; Post et al.

This is understandable, given the nascent nature of these technologies and the limited degree to which even plant-based meat has scaled up to date.

Yet there is a need for systems-wide analyses for alt-meat, including to anticipate unintended and as yet unforeseen consequences Mattick et al. A few of the issues raised in this paper have received at least some attention from researchers, including discussion of potential sources of cell culture medium for cultured meat and of potential distributed production models.

We briefly discuss the intersection of our findings with previous research on alt-meat here. Our interviewees mentioned various possible sources of ingredients for plant-based meat and feedstock for cultured meat.

A recent review of the scientific, sustainability, and regulatory challenges of cultured meat similarly named inputs created through fermentation and biomass e. More traditional crops may also be used as inputs for both plant-based and cultured meat, though the impacts of alt-meat on rural landscapes will depend in part on the production systems used to grow these inputs Broad, , Many of our interviewees mentioned the possibility of decentralized models of alt-meat production, including production of cultured meat with small-scale bioreactors on individual farms.

Often likened to the micro-brewery model, the possible benefits of and limits to such a distributed system have been considered by a number of authors Stephens et al. Some evidence suggests that such a model could promote societal acceptance of cultured meat and reduce concerns related to the perceived unnaturalness of cultured meat van der Weele and Driessen, ; van der Weele and Tramper, Some of the other ideas raised by our interviewees have also been discussed in the literature, though often only to a limited degree.

For example, Broad discussed alt-meat from a food justice lens. Stephens et al. Mylan et al. And both Mylan et al. Many of the impact pathways identified in this paper have not been well-explored by researchers. As such, this paper identifies numerous research gaps, to which natural and social scientists could usefully apply their attention.

First, while this study identifies possible impact pathways, the data collected here were insufficient to differentiate these possible impacts with respect to their likelihood, anticipated timeframe, magnitude, or the stakeholders affected. To the extent that these characteristics can be quantified, these refinements might help decision-makers and researchers to understand the possible impacts of these sectors and to strategically target or prioritize any response.

Second, it may be useful to map the opportunities and challenges associated with alt-meat, to generate a better understanding of the spatial distribution of these impacts across geographies at a refined resolution.

Third, this study restricted its focus to the US, and it may be useful to understand the degree to which the opportunities and challenges associated with plant-based and cultured meat could vary between countries.

Finally, it may of course be useful to measure and monitor these social and economic impacts as alt-meat sectors scale up. A range of factors will determine whether and when plant-based and cultured meat are consumed at scale Stephens et al. These factors include the technologies themselves, and the perceptions, attitudes, and preferences of consumers Bryant and Barnett, ; Mancini and Antonioli, But in addition, a suite of decisions and in actions by different actors could also dramatically influence the food and agricultural systems in which these technologies develop and the impacts that they have on both people and the environment.

This research identifies arenas in which decision-makers may be able to secure the best possible outcomes and minimize harms for rural constituents and stakeholders to whom they are accountable.

Having this information before cultured or plant-based meat scales up may enable decision-makers to act proactively and strategically rather than reactively. For example, decision-makers may be able to help rural communities to develop the infrastructure and supply chains needed to grow cultured meat products locally and to grow the crops needed as cell culture medium or as ingredients for plant-based meat.

Many responses to our questions are necessarily largely speculative. Undoubtedly, some of the opportunities and threats identified by our interviewees and reported above are more plausible than others. Even among our interviewees, there were notable differences between individuals in their perception of the likelihood that alt-meat products could have significant impacts on the lives of people living in rural parts of the US.

Cautious skepticism may turn out to be well-founded. But there is also a case to be made for thinking through these potential impact pathways and the possible consequences for rural producers, particularly since little previous research has been conducted on these questions.

By reaching out to informed experts, we believe that we have gathered thoughtful and informed insights about conceivable impact pathways from people who have spent time thinking deeply about these issues. However, we did not ask our interviewees, nor do we make any claim here, about the likelihood, timeline, or magnitude of any of these potential impacts.

Nor do we state here any opinion here on whether any of these impact pathways would be more or less desirable than others: different stakeholders may hold preferences for particular outcomes, and our role as researchers was simply to synthesize the reported possibilities.

We note that the positionality of each interviewee likely shaped their perspectives, including their relative optimism about the possible impacts of these technologies.

Finally, we note that our interviewees did not include many farmers or ranchers: yet as plant-based and cultured meat begin to scale, it will be important to include producers more centrally in research projects.

Our paper characterizes potential impact pathways that might emerge if plant-based or cultured meat were to scale up to a significant degree. Our research identified a number of opportunities and threats that could affect a multitude of stakeholders across a range of spatial scales.

Characterizing these pathways before plant-based meat scales further and before cultured meat becomes commercially available may enable decision-makers to act proactively rather than reactively and to take actions to secure the best possible outcomes.

Doing so also identifies knowledge gaps that researchers might usefully explore. The datasets presented in this article are not readily available because the dataset consists of transcripts of semi-structured interviews. Individual interviewees would be identifiable from those transcripts, and so the dataset cannot be made available.

Requests to access the datasets should be directed to Peter Newton, peter. newton colorado. This study involved human subjects and was reviewed and approved by University of Colorado Boulder Institutional Review Board. Written informed consent for participation was not required for this study in accordance with national legislation and institutional requirements.

PN and DB-R: conceptualization, writing—review and editing, and funding acquisition. PN: methodology, investigation, analysis, and writing—original draft.

All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. This research was supported by a Research Fellowship from the Breakthrough Institute to PN. Publication fees were supported by start-up funds to PN from the Environmental Studies Program at the University of Colorado Boulder.

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. We are grateful to the two reviewers for their helpful comments, which strengthened the paper.

We thank Waverly Eichhorst, Margaret Hegwood, Saloni Shah, and Alex Smith for comments on an earlier draft. We thank all of the interviewees for their time and for sharing their ideas.

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Bryant, C. Consumer acceptance of cultured meat: a systematic review. Meat Sci. PubMed Abstract CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Cameron, B. State of the Industry Report: Plant-Based Meat, Eggs, and Dairy. The Good Food Institute. Ekmekcioglu, C. Red meat, diseases, and healthy alternatives: a critical review.

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Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Sustainable Systems, University of Michigan. Herrero, M. Livestock, livelihoods and the environment: understanding the trade-offs. Jönsson, E. Machovina, B. Biodiversity conservation: the key is reducing meat consumption. Total Environ.

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Animals 3, — Cultured meat: every village its own factory? Trends Biotechnol. Citation: Newton P and Blaustein-Rejto D Social and Economic Opportunities and Challenges of Plant-Based and Cultured Meat for Rural Producers in the US. Received: 31 October ; Accepted: 07 January ; Published: 28 January Copyright © Newton and Blaustein-Rejto.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author s and the copyright owner s are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice.

No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Open supplemental data Export citation EndNote Reference Manager Simple TEXT file BibTex.

Check for updates. ORIGINAL RESEARCH article. Introduction Animal agriculture presents major sustainability challenges. Methods Data Collection We conducted semi-structured interviews with 37 expert informants.